Synthesis, Structure, and Sodium Mobility of Sodium Vanadium Nitridophosphate: A Zero-Strain and Safe High Voltage Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Huang Zhang, Daniel Buchholz and Stefano Passerini
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Huang Zhang: Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
Daniel Buchholz: Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
Stefano Passerini: Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany

Energies, 2017, vol. 10, issue 7, 1-9

Abstract: Herein, the nitridophosphate Na 3 V(PO 3 ) 3 N is synthesized by solid state method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirm the cubic symmetry with P 2 1 3 space group. The material exhibits very good thermal stability and high operating voltage of 4.0 V vs. Na/Na + due to V 3+ /V 4+ redox couple. In situ X-ray diffraction studies confirm the two-phase (de-)sodiation process to occur with very low volume changes. The refinement of the sodium occupancies reveal the low accessibility of sodium cations in the Na2 and Na3 sites as the main origin for the lower experimental capacity (0.38 eq. Na + , 28 mAh g ?1 ) versus the theoretical one (1.0 eq. Na + , 74 mAh g ?1 ). These observations provide valuable information for the further optimization of this materials class in order to access their theoretical electrochemical performance as a potentially interesting zero-strain and safe high-voltage cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.

Keywords: sodium-ion battery; cathode; Na 3 V(PO 3 ) 3 N; high voltage; safety (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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