Minimization of Construction Costs for an All Battery-Swapping Electric-Bus Transportation System: Comparison with an All Plug-In System

Shyang-Chyuan Fang, Bwo-Ren Ke and Chen-Yuan Chung
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Shyang-Chyuan Fang: Department of Tourism and Leisure, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Makung 880, Taiwan
Bwo-Ren Ke: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Makunk 880, Taiwan
Chen-Yuan Chung: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Makunk 880, Taiwan

Energies, 2017, vol. 10, issue 7, 1-20

Abstract: The greenhouse gases and air pollution generated by extensive energy use have exacerbated climate change. Electric-bus (e-bus) transportation systems help reduce pollution and carbon emissions. This study analyzed the minimization of construction costs for an all battery-swapping public e-bus transportation system. A simulation was conducted according to existing timetables and routes. Daytime charging was incorporated during the hours of operation; the two parameters of the daytime charging scheme were the residual battery capacity and battery-charging energy during various intervals of daytime peak electricity hours. The parameters were optimized using three algorithms: particle swarm optimization (PSO), a genetic algorithm (GA), and a PSO–GA. This study observed the effects of optimization on cost changes (e.g., number of e-buses, on-board battery capacity, number of extra batteries, charging facilities, and energy consumption) and compared the plug-in and battery-swapping e-bus systems. The results revealed that daytime charging can reduce the construction costs of both systems. In contrast to the other two algorithms, the PSO–GA yielded the most favorable optimization results for the charging scheme. Finally, according to the cases investigated and the parameters of this study, the construction cost of the plug-in e-bus system was shown to be lower than that of the battery-swapping e-bus system.

Keywords: public bus transportation; battery-swapping electric-bus (e-bus); battery charging; construction costs; particle swarm optimization (PSO); PSO-genetic algorithm (GA) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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