Switched Control Strategies of Aggregated Commercial HVAC Systems for Demand Response in Smart Grids

Kai Ma, Chenliang Yuan, Jie Yang, Zhixin Liu and Xinping Guan
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Kai Ma: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Chenliang Yuan: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Jie Yang: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Zhixin Liu: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Xinping Guan: Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

Energies, 2017, vol. 10, issue 7, 1-18

Abstract: This work proposes three switched control strategies for aggregated heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial buildings to track the automatic generation control (AGC) signal in smart grid. The existing control strategies include the direct load control strategy and the setpoint regulation strategy. The direct load control strategy cannot track the AGC signal when the state of charge (SOC) of the aggregated thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) exceeds their regulation capacity, while the setpoint regulation strategy provides flexible regulation capacity, but causes larger tracking errors. To improve the tracking performance, we took the advantages of the two control modes and developed three switched control strategies. The control strategies switch between the direct load control mode and the setpoint regulation mode according to different switching indices. Specifically, we design a discrete-time controller and optimize the controller parameter for the setpoint regulation strategy using the Fibonacci optimization algorithm, enabling us to propose two switched control strategies across multiple time steps. Furthermore, we extend the switched control strategies by introducing a two-stage regulation in a single time step. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed switched control strategies can reduce the tracking errors for frequency regulation.

Keywords: automatic generation control (AGC); demand response; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); switched control; smart grid (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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