Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Hassan Haes Alhelou, Mohamad-Esmail Hamedani-Golshan, Reza Zamani, Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani and Pierluigi Siano
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Hassan Haes Alhelou: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Mohamad-Esmail Hamedani-Golshan: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Reza Zamani: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani: Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Company (EEPDC), Isfahan 81737-51387, Iran
Pierluigi Siano: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 10, 1-35

Abstract: Power systems are the most complex systems that have been created by men in history. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control loops are needed. Voltage frequency plays a vital role in power systems which need to be properly controlled. To this end, primary and secondary frequency control loops are used to control the frequency of the voltage in power systems. Secondary frequency control, which is called Load Frequency Control (LFC), is responsible for maintaining the frequency in a desirable level after a disturbance. Likewise, the power exchanges between different control areas are controlled by LFC approaches. In recent decades, many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey on the topic of LFC. In this survey, the used LFC models for diverse configurations of power systems are firstly investigated and classified for both conventional and future smart power systems. Furthermore, the proposed control strategies for LFC are studied and categorized into different control groups. The paper concludes with highlighting the research gaps and presenting some new research directions in the field of LFC.

Keywords: automatic generation control (AGC); frequency deviation; interconnected power systems; load frequency control (LFC); supplementary frequency control; secondary frequency control; smart grids; tie-lines power deviation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (28)

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