Real-World Measurement of Hybrid Buses’ Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions in a Metropolitan Urban Road Network

Christos Keramydas, Georgios Papadopoulos, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Ting-Shek Lo, Kwok-Lam Ng, Hok-Lai Anson Wong and Carol Ka-Lok Wong
Additional contact information
Christos Keramydas: Emisia S.A., 21 Antoni Tritsi str., P.O. Box 8138, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Georgios Papadopoulos: Emisia S.A., 21 Antoni Tritsi str., P.O. Box 8138, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Leonidas Ntziachristos: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 483, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Ting-Shek Lo: Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong
Kwok-Lam Ng: Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong
Hok-Lai Anson Wong: Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong
Carol Ka-Lok Wong: Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 10, 1-16

Abstract: This study investigates pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of six Euro VI hybrid-diesel public transport buses operating on different scheduled routes in a metropolitan urban road network. Portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) are used in measurements and results are compared to those obtained from a paired number of Euro V conventional buses of the same body type used as control over the same routes. The selected routes vary from urban to highway driving and the experimentation was conducted over the first half of 2015. The available emissions data correspond to a wide range of driving, operating, and ambient conditions. Fuel consumption, distance- and energy-based emission levels are derived and presented in a comparative manner. The effect of different factors, including speed, ambient temperature, and road grade on fuel consumption and emissions performance is investigated. Mean fuel consumption of hybrid buses was found 6.1% lower than conventional ones, from 20% lower up to 16% higher, over six routes tested in total. The mean route difference between the two technologies was not statistically significant. Air conditioning decreased consumption benefits of the hybrid buses. Decrease of the mean route speed from 15 km h ?1 t? 8 km h ?1 increased the hybrid buses consumption by 63%. Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions of the Euro VI hybrid buses were 93 ± 5% lower than conventional Euro V ones. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from hybrid Euro VI buses made up 5.9% of total greenhouse gas emissions and largely offset carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) benefits. The results suggest that hybrid urban buses need to be assessed under realistic operation and environmental conditions to assess their true environmental and fuel consumption benefits.

Keywords: Euro VI; Euro V; hybrid technology; double-deck buses; portable emission measurement systems (PEMS); efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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