A Bi-Level EV Aggregator Coordination Scheme for Load Variance Minimization with Renewable Energy Penetration Adaptability

Saad Ullah Khan, Khawaja Khalid Mehmood, Zunaib Maqsood Haider, Muhammad Kashif Rafique and Chul-Hwan Kim
Additional contact information
Saad Ullah Khan: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Khawaja Khalid Mehmood: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Zunaib Maqsood Haider: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Muhammad Kashif Rafique: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Chul-Hwan Kim: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 10, 1-28

Abstract: The provision of ancillary services by electric vehicles (EVs) such as load smoothing and renewable energy (RE) compensation in the form of an aggregated storage is more regulated in the smart grid context. As such, the presence of multiple EV aggregators in the distribution network requires adept supervision by the distribution system operator (DSO). In this paper, a coordination scheme of aggregators is proposed to smoothen the load profile of distribution networks by enacting EV discharging during peak load and off-peak charging, keeping in view the EV driving requirements. A bi-level on-line interaction procedure from the DSO to the aggregators and vice versa is devised to manage the aggregators based upon their energy capacity and requirements. The aggregators employ a water-filling algorithm in a two-step EV power allocation method. The proposed scheme operation is demonstrated on an medium voltage (MV) distribution feeder located in Seoul with its actual traffic density data. The results show the achievement of peak shaving and valley filling objectives under aggregator coordination and that the EVs are completely charged before departure. The effect of various EV penetration levels and adaptivity of the scheme to RE incorporation is also verified. Furthermore, a comparison with an existing peak shaving method shows the superior performance of the proposed scheme.

Keywords: aggregator coordination; electric vehicles; peak shaving; renewable energy; valley filling; vehicle-to-grid; water-filling algorithm (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/10/2809/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/10/2809/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:10:p:2809-:d:176614

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().