Application of Operando X-ray Diffractometry in Various Aspects of the Investigations of Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries

Wen Zhu, Yuesheng Wang, Dongqiang Liu, Vincent Gariépy, Catherine Gagnon, Ashok Vijh, Michel L. Trudeau and Karim Zaghib
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Wen Zhu: Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
Yuesheng Wang: Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
Dongqiang Liu: Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
Vincent Gariépy: Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
Catherine Gagnon: Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
Ashok Vijh: Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
Michel L. Trudeau: Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
Karim Zaghib: Centre d’excellence en électrification des Transports et Stockage d’énergie, 1806 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 11, 1-41

Abstract: The main challenges facing rechargeable batteries today are: (1) increasing the electrode capacity; (2) prolonging the cycle life; (3) enhancing the rate performance and (4) insuring their safety. Significant efforts have been devoted to improve the present electrode materials as well as to develop and design new high performance electrodes. All of the efforts are based on the understanding of the materials, their working mechanisms, the impact of the structure and reaction mechanism on electrochemical performance. Various operando/in-situ methods are applied in studying rechargeable batteries to gain a better understanding of the crystal structure of the electrode materials and their behaviors during charge-discharge under various conditions. In the present review, we focus on applying operando X-ray techniques to investigate electrode materials, including the working mechanisms of different structured materials, the effect of size, cycling rate and temperature on the reaction mechanisms, the thermal stability of the electrodes, the degradation mechanism and the optimization of material synthesis. We demonstrate the importance of using operando/in-situ XRD and its combination with other techniques in examining the microstructural changes of the electrodes under various operating conditions, in both macro and atomic-scales. These results reveal the working and the degradation mechanisms of the electrodes and the possible side reactions involved, which are essential for improving the present materials and developing new materials for high performance and long cycle life batteries.

Keywords: operando/in-situ XRD; olivine structure; layered metal oxide; spinel oxide; tunnel-type structure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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