Hierarchical Look-Ahead Conservation Voltage Reduction Framework Considering Distributed Energy Resources and Demand Reduction

Davye Mak and Dae-Hyun Choi
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Davye Mak: School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
Dae-Hyun Choi: School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 12, 1-20

Abstract: This paper proposes a hierarchical look-ahead framework to conduct conservation voltage reduction (CVR) when distributed energy resources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and energy storage systems (ESSs), and demand response programs are integrated into distribution systems. With the increasing deployment of PV systems in distribution systems, their frequently varying power output due to cloud movements could have a detrimental impact on the consumer’s voltage quality, consequently leading to degraded CVR performance. A two-level CVR framework for the coordination of an on-load tap changer (OLTC), capacitor banks (CBs), and the smart inverters of PV systems/ESSs is presented, in which these elements operate to reduce the voltage profile along the distribution feeder at different temporal scales. At the global level, the operations of the OLTC and the CBs are scheduled every hour to achieve the best CVR performance in an optimization problem using mixed-integer linear programming. When voltage violations occur rapidly, the smart inverters of PV systems and ESSs help to maintain a lower voltage profile every second based on the proposed piecewise droop control functions at the local level. A simulation study is carried out in an IEEE 33-bus distribution system with an OLTC, CBs, PV systems, and ESSs, and our results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach in terms of voltage level and energy savings. Furthermore, the impact of demand reduction on the proposed approach is quantified, and we verify that a higher demand reduction yields more energy savings in the proposed framework.

Keywords: conservation voltage reduction (CVR); hierarchical voltage regulation; distributed energy resource (DER); demand reduction; smart inverter (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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