Performance Analysis of a RED-MED Salinity Gradient Heat Engine

Patricia Palenzuela, Marina Micari, Bartolomé Ortega-Delgado, Francesco Giacalone, Guillermo Zaragoza, Diego-César Alarcón-Padilla, Andrea Cipollina, Alessandro Tamburini and Giorgio Micale
Additional contact information
Patricia Palenzuela: CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. de Senés s/n, 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain
Marina Micari: DIID—Dipartimento dell’Innovazione Industriale e Digitale—Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA), viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Bartolomé Ortega-Delgado: DIID—Dipartimento dell’Innovazione Industriale e Digitale—Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA), viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Francesco Giacalone: DIID—Dipartimento dell’Innovazione Industriale e Digitale—Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA), viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Guillermo Zaragoza: CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. de Senés s/n, 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain
Diego-César Alarcón-Padilla: CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. de Senés s/n, 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain
Andrea Cipollina: DIID—Dipartimento dell’Innovazione Industriale e Digitale—Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA), viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Alessandro Tamburini: DIID—Dipartimento dell’Innovazione Industriale e Digitale—Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA), viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Giorgio Micale: DIID—Dipartimento dell’Innovazione Industriale e Digitale—Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA), viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 12, 1-23

Abstract: A performance analysis of a salinity gradient heat engine (SGP-HE) is presented for the conversion of low temperature heat into power via a closed-loop Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) coupled with Multi-Effect Distillation (MED). Mathematical models for the RED and MED systems have been purposely developed in order to investigate the performance of both processes and have been then coupled to analyze the efficiency of the overall integrated system. The influence of the main operating conditions (i.e., solutions concentration and velocity) has been quantified, looking at the power density and conversion efficiency of the RED unit, MED Specific Thermal Consumption (STC) and at the overall system exergy efficiency. Results show how the membrane properties (i.e., electrical resistance, permselectivity, water and salt permeability) dramatically affect the performance of the RED process. In particular, the power density achievable using membranes with optimized features (ideal membranes) can be more than three times higher than that obtained with current reference ion exchange membranes. On the other hand, MED STC is strongly influenced by the available waste heat temperature, feed salinity and recovery ratio to be achieved. Lowest values of STC below 25 kWh/m 3 can be reached at 100 °C and 27 effects. Increasing the feed salinity also increases the STC, while an increase in the recovery ratio is beneficial for the thermal efficiency of the system. For the integrated system, a more complex influence of operating parameters has been found, leading to the identification of some favorable operating conditions in which exergy efficiency close to 7% (1.4% thermal) can be achieved for the case of current membranes, and up to almost 31% (6.6% thermal) assuming ideal membrane properties.

Keywords: salinity gradient energy; exergy; artificial solutions; modeling; heat engine; RED-HE (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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