Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons

Salisu Nasir, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Zulkarnain Zainal, Nor Azah Yusof and Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir
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Salisu Nasir: Materials Synthesis and Characterisation Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Mohd Zobir Hussein: Materials Synthesis and Characterisation Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Zulkarnain Zainal: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Nor Azah Yusof: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir: Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 12, 1-22

Abstract: In this study, activated carbons (ACs) were produced from oil palm leaves (OPL) and palm kernel shells (PKS) using different concentrations (0%, 11%, and 33%) of H 3 PO 4 as the activating agent. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results indicated that surface area decreases with the decreasing of the concentration of the H 3 PO 4 in the following order: AC from oil palm leaves was (OPLAC-0% H 3 PO 4 ) < (OPLAC-11% H 3 PO 4 ) < (OPLAC-33% H 3 PO 4 ), with the BET surface area values of 37, 760, and 780 m 2 /g, respectively. Similarly, the PKS-derived AC followed the same trend of (PKSAC-0% H 3 PO 4 ) < (PKSAC-11% H 3 PO 4 ) < (PKSAC-33% H 3 PO 4 ), with the BET surface area values of 3, 52, and 1324 m 2 /g, respectively. Based on this finding, it was observed that H 3 PO 4 had exhibited an influential role on enhancing the surface properties of the AC. On the contrary, it slightly decreased the graphitic trait of the AC by considering their I G /I D trends, which were generated from the Raman spectral analysis. The energy storage capacity of the AC was further tested using cyclic voltammetry. Three of the samples were found to have high capacitance values of 434 F g −1 , 162 F g −1 , and 147 F g −1 at 5 mVs −1 . The first (434 F g −1 ) is much higher than the specific capacitance value (343 F g −1 ) of the only oil palm leaf-derived porous carbon nanoparticles ever reported in the literature.

Keywords: oil palm wastes; chemical activation; activated carbon; electrochemical energy storage; supercapacitor; surface area (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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