Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis

Francisco Anguebes-Franseschi, Mohamed Abatal, Ali Bassam, Mauricio A. Escalante Soberanis, Oscar May Tzuc, Lauro Bucio-Galindo, Atl Victor Cordova Quiroz, Claudia Alejandra Aguilar Ucan and Miguel Angel Ramirez-Elias
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Francisco Anguebes-Franseschi: Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Esq. Av. Concordia, Col. Benito Juárez, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, Mexico
Mohamed Abatal: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Campus III, Avenida Central S/N, Esq. con Fracc. Mundo Maya, Ciudad del Carmen 24115, Campeche, Mexico
Ali Bassam: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Industrias no Contaminantes por Periférico Norte, Apdo, Postal 150 Cordemex, Merida 97000, Yucatan, Mexico
Mauricio A. Escalante Soberanis: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Industrias no Contaminantes por Periférico Norte, Apdo, Postal 150 Cordemex, Merida 97000, Yucatan, Mexico
Oscar May Tzuc: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Industrias no Contaminantes por Periférico Norte, Apdo, Postal 150 Cordemex, Merida 97000, Yucatan, Mexico
Lauro Bucio-Galindo: Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
Atl Victor Cordova Quiroz: Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Esq. Av. Concordia, Col. Benito Juárez, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, Mexico
Claudia Alejandra Aguilar Ucan: Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Esq. Av. Concordia, Col. Benito Juárez, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, Mexico
Miguel Angel Ramirez-Elias: Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Esq. Av. Concordia, Col. Benito Juárez, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, Mexico

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: In this work, the effect of zeolite montmorillonite KSF in the esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) of crude African palm olein ( Eleaias guinnesis Jacq) was studied. To optimize the esterification of FFAs of the crude African palm olein (CAPO), the response surface methodology (RSM) that was based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used. The effects of three parameters were investigated: (a) catalyst loading (2.6–9.4 wt %), (b) reaction temperature (133.2–166.2 °C), and (c) reaction time (0.32–3.68 h). The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that linear terms of catalyst loading ( X 1 ), reaction temperature ( X 2 ), the quadratic term of catalyst loading ( X 1 2 ), temperature reaction ( X 2 2 ), reaction time ( X 3 2 ), the interaction catalyst loading with reaction time ( X 1 * X 3 ), and the interaction reaction temperature with reaction time ( X 2 * X 3 ) have a significant effect ( p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level) on Fatty Methyl Ester (FAME) yield. The result indicated that the optimum reaction conditions to esterification of FFAs were: catalyst loading 9.4 wt %, reaction temperature 155.5 °C, and 3.3 h for reaction time, respectively. Under these conditions, the numerical estimation of FAME yield was 91.81 wt %. This result was experimentally validated obtaining a difference of 1.7% FAME yield, with respect to simulated values.

Keywords: biodiesel; heterogeneous acid catalysis; response surface methodology; African palm (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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