Optimal Control of Wind Farms for Coordinated TSO-DSO Reactive Power Management

David Sebastian Stock, Francesco Sala, Alberto Berizzi and Lutz Hofmann
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David Sebastian Stock: Division Energy Economy and Grid Operation, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology (IWES), 34119 Kassel, Germany
Francesco Sala: Division Energy Economy and Grid Operation, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology (IWES), 34119 Kassel, Germany
Alberto Berizzi: Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
Lutz Hofmann: Division Energy Economy and Grid Operation, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology (IWES), 34119 Kassel, Germany

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-25

Abstract: The growing importance of renewable generation connected to distribution grids requires an increased coordination between transmission system operators (TSOs) and distribution system operators (DSOs) for reactive power management. This work proposes a practical and effective interaction method based on sequential optimizations to evaluate the reactive flexibility potential of distribution networks and to dispatch them along with traditional synchronous generators, keeping to a minimum the information exchange. A modular optimal power flow (OPF) tool featuring multi-objective optimization is developed for this purpose. The proposed method is evaluated for a model of a real German 110 kV grid with 1.6 GW of installed wind power capacity and a reduced order model of the surrounding transmission system. Simulations show the benefit of involving wind farms in reactive power support reducing losses both at distribution and transmission level. Different types of setpoints are investigated, showing the feasibility for the DSO to fulfill also individual voltage and reactive power targets over multiple connection points. Finally, some suggestions are presented to achieve a fair coordination, combining both TSO and DSO requirements.

Keywords: distributed generation; optimal power flow; reactive power control; voltage control; wind power grid integration; smart grids; transmission system; active distribution system; grid ancillary services (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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