Visual Investigation of the Occurrence Characteristics of Multi-Type Formation Water in a Fracture–Cavity Carbonate Gas Reservoir

Lu Wang, Shenglai Yang, Xian Peng, Hui Deng, Yi Liao, Yicheng Liu, Wei Xu and Youjun Yan
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Lu Wang: State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
Shenglai Yang: State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
Xian Peng: Exploration and Development Research Institute of Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, PetroChina, Chengdu 610041, China
Hui Deng: Exploration and Development Research Institute of Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, PetroChina, Chengdu 610041, China
Yi Liao: Shunan Division of Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, PetroChina, Luzhou 646000, China
Yicheng Liu: Exploration and Development Research Institute of Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, PetroChina, Chengdu 610041, China
Wei Xu: Exploration and Development Research Institute of Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, PetroChina, Chengdu 610041, China
Youjun Yan: Exploration and Development Research Institute of Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, PetroChina, Chengdu 610041, China

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 3, 1-22

Abstract: It is difficult to investigate the formation process and occurrence states of water in multi-type reservoirs, due to the strong heterogeneity and complex microstructure of the fracture–cavity carbonate gas reservoirs. To date, there is no systematic study on the occurrence characteristics of multi-type formation water, especially through visual observation experiments. In this paper, a new creation method for visual micromodels based on CT scan images and microelectronic photolithography techniques was described. Subsequently, a gas–drive–water visual experiment was conducted to intuitively study the formation mechanism and the occurrence states of formation water. Then, the ImageJ gray analysis method was utilized to quantitatively investigate the gas-water saturation and the proportion of residual water film. Finally, the occurrence characteristics of formation water and its effects on gas seepage flow were comprehensively analyzed. Visual experimental results showed that: the migration processes of natural gas in different types of reservoirs are different; the water in multiple media consists of native movable water and residual water, and residual water is composed of secondary movable water and irreducible water; the residual water mainly occurs in different locations of different reservoirs with the forms of “water film”, “water mass”, “water column” and “water droplets”; the main influencing factors are capillary force, surface tension, displacement pressure and channel connectivity. Quantitative results reflect that the saturation of movable water and residual water are the parameters related directly to reservoir physical properties, pore structure and displacement pressure—the smaller the size of flow channel, the larger the space occupied by water film; the thickness proportion of water film is increasing exponentially with the channel size; the thickness proportion of water film decreases as the increase of displacement pressure; the thickness proportion of water film is essentially constant when the displacement pressure increases to a certain extent. The conducted visual investigation not only improves our intuitive understanding of the occurrence characteristics of formation water, but also provides a theoretical basis for the efficient development of fracture-cavity gas reservoirs.

Keywords: visual experiment; ImageJ gray analysis; occurrence characteristics; residual water; irreducible water; fracture–cavity carbonate gas reservoir (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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