A Design of Ambient RF Energy Harvester with Sensitivity of ?21 dBm and Power Efficiency of a 39.3% Using Internal Threshold Voltage Compensation

Danial Khan, Hamed Abbasizadeh, Sang-Yun Kim, Zaffar Hayat Nawaz Khan, Syed Adil Ali Shah, Young Gun Pu, Keum Cheol Hwang, Youngoo Yang, Minjae Lee and Kang-Yoon Lee
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Danial Khan: College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Universtiy, Seoul 16419, Korea
Hamed Abbasizadeh: College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Universtiy, Seoul 16419, Korea
Sang-Yun Kim: College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Universtiy, Seoul 16419, Korea
Zaffar Hayat Nawaz Khan: College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Universtiy, Seoul 16419, Korea
Syed Adil Ali Shah: College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Universtiy, Seoul 16419, Korea
Young Gun Pu: College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Universtiy, Seoul 16419, Korea
Keum Cheol Hwang: College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Universtiy, Seoul 16419, Korea
Youngoo Yang: College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Universtiy, Seoul 16419, Korea
Minjae Lee: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
Kang-Yoon Lee: College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Universtiy, Seoul 16419, Korea

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 5, 1-11

Abstract: In this paper, a low-power reconfigurable ambient Radio Frequency to Direct Current power (RF–DC) converter using an internal threshold voltage cancellation (IVC) scheme with an auxiliary transistors block is presented. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is implemented in order to maintain the high efficiency by automatically selecting the number of stages. The proposed reconfigurable converter efficiently converts the RF signals to DC voltage by dynamically controlling the threshold voltage of the forward and reversed-biased transistors in the primary rectification body. During positive half-cycle, the proposed RF–DC converter reduces the voltage drop across the forward-biased transistors, which results in increased harvested power and output DC voltage. During negative half cycle, the proposed rectifier minimizes the reverse leakage current and prevents the loss of energy stored in the prior stages. A five-stage internal threshold compensated power converter is designed in 0.18 µm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology with an active die area of 360 µm × 160 µm, while the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) occupies an active die area of 730 µm × 280 µm. The proposed scheme obtains maximum post-simulated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 39.3% when input power level is −15 dBm and produces an output voltage of 3.3 V for a load of 1 M? and at a frequency of 900 MHz. The proposed scheme achieves a voltage sensitivity of 1V at a remarkably low input power of −21 dBm for a 1 M? load.

Keywords: Radio Frequency to Direct Current converter (RF–DC); Internal threshold voltage cancellation (IVC); RF energy harvester; Power conversion efficiency (PCE); Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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