Integrated Sizing and Energy Management for Four-Wheel-Independently-Actuated Electric Vehicles Considering Realistic Constructed Driving Cycles

Zhenpo Wang, Changhui Qu, Lei Zhang, Jin Zhang and Wen Yu
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Zhenpo Wang: National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Changhui Qu: National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Lei Zhang: National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Jin Zhang: National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Wen Yu: National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 7, 1-22

Abstract: This paper presents an integrated optimization framework of sizing and energy management for four-wheel-independently-actuated electric vehicles. The optimization framework consists of an inner and an outer layer that are responsible for energy management, i.e., torque allocation, and powertrain parameter optimizations. The optimal torque allocation in the inner layer is achieved via the dynamic programming (DP) method while the desirable powertrain parameters in the outer layer are pursued based on the exhaustive method. In order to verify the proposed optimization framework, two driving cycles are constructed to represent the comprehensive and realistic driving conditions. One cycle is built by combining six typical driving cycles, which cover urban, high-way and rural driving styles to enhance representativeness. The other one is synthesized using the Markov chain method based on a vast quantity of real-time operating data of electric vehicles in Beijing. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy decreases the power consumption by 15.1% and 13.3%, respectively, in the two driving cycles, compared to the non-optimal, even-torque-allocation strategy.

Keywords: four-wheel-independently-actuated electric vehicles; energy management; dynamic programming; Markov chain (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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