The Impacts of High V2G Participation in a 100% Renewable Åland Energy System

Michael Child, Alexander Nordling and Christian Breyer
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Michael Child: School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
Alexander Nordling: Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi, 20500 Turku, Finland
Christian Breyer: School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland

Energies, 2018, vol. 11, issue 9, 1-19

Abstract: A 100% renewable energy (RE) scenario featuring high participation in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services was developed for the Åland islands for 2030 using the EnergyPLAN modelling tool. Hourly data was analysed to determine the roles of various energy storage solutions, notably V2G connections that extended into electric boat batteries. Two weeks of interest (max/min RE) generation were studied in detail to determine the roles of energy storage solutions. Participation in V2G connections facilitated high shares of variable RE on a daily and weekly basis. In a Sustainable Mobility scenario, high participation in V2G (2750 MWh e ) resulted in less gas storage (1200 MWh th ), electrolyser capacity (6.1 MW e ), methanation capacity (3.9 MWh gas ), and offshore wind power capacity (55 MW e ) than other scenarios that featured lower V2G participation. Consequently, total annualised costs were lower (225 M€/a). The influence of V2G connections on seasonal storage is an interesting result for a relatively cold, northern geographic area. A key point is that stored electricity need not only be considered as storage for future use by the grid, but V2G batteries can provide a buffer between generation of intermittent RE and its end-use. Direct consumption of intermittent RE further reduces the need for storage and generation capacities.

Keywords: energy system modelling; storage solutions; 100% renewable energy; Åland; vehicle-to-grid; power-to-gas (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (32)

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