Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB)

Rokas Tamašauskas, Jolanta Šadauskienė, Patrikas Bruzgevičius and Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Additional contact information
Rokas Tamašauskas: JSC “Planuotojai“, Vasario 16-osios str. 8-6, LT-44250 Kaunas, Lithuania
Jolanta Šadauskienė: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu st. 48, LT-51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
Patrikas Bruzgevičius: JSC “Įraža”, Tunelio str. 60, Kaunas, LT-4440 Lithuania
Dorota Anna Krawczyk: Faculty of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 11, 1-13

Abstract: In order to fulfill the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, great attention is paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is considered a type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article is to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources and wind speed on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of investigated 100 wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. The results of the investigation show that the difference in the non-renewable primary energy factors between wind turbines with regard to their capacity is 35%. In addition, primary energy factor (PEF) values depend on geographic location and climate conditions. This paper provides a recommendation that the EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations of all EU member states should use the same or, at least, a very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factors of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

Keywords: primary energy; wind power; electricity production; electricity consumption; nearly zero-energy building (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/11/2145/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/11/2145/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:11:p:2145-:d:237204

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().