Electric Vehicle into the Grid: Charging Methodologies Aimed at Providing Ancillary Services Considering Battery Degradation

Gaizka Saldaña, Jose Ignacio San Martin, Inmaculada Zamora, Francisco Javier Asensio and Oier Oñederra
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Gaizka Saldaña: Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering School of Gipuzkoa, Section of Eibar, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avda. Otaola 29, 20600 Eibar, Spain
Jose Ignacio San Martin: Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering School of Gipuzkoa, Section of Eibar, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avda. Otaola 29, 20600 Eibar, Spain
Inmaculada Zamora: Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering School of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
Francisco Javier Asensio: Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering School of Gipuzkoa, Section of Eibar, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avda. Otaola 29, 20600 Eibar, Spain
Oier Oñederra: Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering School of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 12, 1-37

Abstract: The necessity of transport electrification is already undeniable due to, among other facts, global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and fossil-fuel dependency. In this context, electric vehicles (EVs) play a fundamental role. Such vehicles are usually seen by the network as simple loads whose needs have to be supplied. However, they can contribute to the correct operation of the network or a microgrid and the provision of ancillary services and delay the need to reinforce the power lines. These concepts are referred to as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H). In paper, a deep classification and analysis of published charging strategies is provided. In addition, optimal charging strategies must minimise the degradation of the batteries to increase their lifetime, since it is considered that the life of a battery ends when its capacity is reduced by 20% with respect to its nominal capacity. Therefore, an optimal integration of EVs must consider both grid and batteries impact. Finally, some guidelines are proposed for further research considering the current limitations of electric vehicle technology. Thus, these proposed guidelines are focused on V2G optimal management, enabling new business models while keeping economic viability for all parts involved.

Keywords: battery degradation; charging strategies; electric vehicle; grid impact; optimisation methodologies; transport electrification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (24)

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