Scaling of Pulverized-Fuel Jet Flames That Apply Large Amounts of Excess Air—Implications for NO x Formation

Rikard Edland, Fredrik Normann, Thomas Allgurén, Christian Fredriksson and Klas Andersson
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Rikard Edland: Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
Fredrik Normann: Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
Thomas Allgurén: Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
Christian Fredriksson: Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag, Box 952, 97127 Luleå, Sweden
Klas Andersson: Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 14, 1-18

Abstract: Measures to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x ) formation in industrial combustion processes often require up-scaling through pilot-scale facilities prior to being implemented in commercial scale, and scaling is therefore an important aspect of achieving lower NO x emissions. The current paper is a combined experimental and modelling study that aims to expand the understanding of constant velocity scaling for industrial jet flames applying high amounts of excess air. These types of flames are found in e.g., rotary kilns for production of iron ore pellets. The results show that, even if the combustion settings, velocity, and temperature profiles are correctly scaled, the concentration of oxygen experienced by the fuel during char combustion will scale differently. As the NO formation from the char combustion is important in these flames, the differences induced by the scaling has important impacts on the efficiencies of the applied primary measures. Increasing the rate of char combustion (to increase the Damköhler number), by using, for example, smaller-sized particles, in the pilot-scale is recommended to improve scaling.

Keywords: combustion; pollution; NOx; scaling; flame; rotary kiln (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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