Impact of the Primary Break-Up Strategy on the Morphology of GDI Sprays in 3D-CFD Simulations of Multi-Hole Injectors

Simone Sparacino, Fabio Berni, Alessandro d’Adamo, Vesselin Krassimirov Krastev, Andrea Cavicchi and Lucio Postrioti
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Simone Sparacino: Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari”, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
Fabio Berni: Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari”, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
Alessandro d’Adamo: Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari”, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
Vesselin Krassimirov Krastev: Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini”, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
Andrea Cavicchi: Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Perugia, via Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy
Lucio Postrioti: Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Perugia, via Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 15, 1-24

Abstract: The scientific literature focusing on the numerical simulation of fuel sprays is rich in atomization and secondary break-up models. However, it is well known that the predictive capability of even the most diffused models is affected by the combination of injection parameters and operating conditions, especially backpressure. In this paper, an alternative atomization strategy is proposed for the 3D-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) sprays, aiming at extending simulation predictive capabilities over a wider range of operating conditions. In particular, attention is focused on the effects of back pressure, which has a remarkable impact on both the morphology and the sizing of GDI sprays. 3D-CFD Lagrangian simulations of two different multi-hole injectors are presented. The first injector is a 5-hole GDI prototype unit operated at ambient conditions. The second one is the well-known Spray G, characterized by a higher back pressure (up to 0.6 MPa). Numerical results are compared against experiments in terms of liquid penetration and Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) data of droplet sizing/velocity and imaging. CFD results are demonstrated to be highly sensitive to spray vessel pressure, mainly because of the atomization strategy. The proposed alternative approach proves to strongly reduce such dependency. Moreover, in order to further validate the alternative primary break-up strategy adopted for the initialization of the droplets, an internal nozzle flow simulation is carried out on the Spray G injector, able to provide information on the characteristic diameter of the liquid column exiting from the nozzle.

Keywords: 3D-CFD simulation; GDI multi-hole injector; fuel spray; atomization; break-up; Lagrangian simulation; internal nozzle flow simulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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