On the Kaiser Effect of Rock under Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions: Insights from Acoustic Emission Monitoring

Qingbin Meng, Yanlong Chen, Mingwei Zhang, Lijun Han, Hai Pu and Jiangfeng Liu
Additional contact information
Qingbin Meng: State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Yanlong Chen: State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Mingwei Zhang: State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Lijun Han: State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Hai Pu: State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Jiangfeng Liu: State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 17, 1-18

Abstract: The Kaiser effect reflects the memory of the loaded rock to the irreversible damage and deformation. The stress level, loading rate and lithology are the main factors affecting the Kaiser effect of the rock. To identify the accurate stress point of the Kaiser effect, the MTS 816 rock mechanics testing system and the DS5-A acoustic emission testing and analysis system were adopted. The uniaxial cyclic loading–unloading and acoustic emission characteristic test of 90 rock specimens from three types of rocks under different stress level and loading rate was carried out. The evolution of acoustic emission under uniaxial compression of the rock corresponds to the compaction stage, elastic stage, yield stage and post-peak stress drop stage of the rock deformation and failure process and is divided into the quiet period, transition period, active period and decay period of the acoustic emission. The larger the hardness of rock is, the earlier the stress point of the Kaiser effect appears. The loading stress level (σ A ) has appreciable influence on the Kaiser effect of the rock. When σ A ≥ 0.7σ c , the Kaiser effect disappears. Usually, the dilatancy stress (crack initiation stress) does not exceed 70% of the uniaxial compressive strength (σ c ) of the rock, and the stress point can be the threshold to determine whether the Kaiser effect occurs. The influence of loading rate (l r ) on Felicity rate (FR) is relatively large when l r < 0.01 mm/s, and FR rapidly grows with increase of the loading rate. When l r ≥ 0.01 mm/s, the influence of the loading rate on FR is relatively small. The findings facilitate the future application of the Kaiser effect and improvement of the accuracy of the acoustic emission data interpretation.

Keywords: cyclic loading and unloading; stress level; loading rate; Kaiser effect; Felicity rate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/17/3255/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/17/3255/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:17:p:3255-:d:260397

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().