Coordinated Control of HVDC and HVAC Power Transmission Systems Integrating a Large Offshore Wind Farm

Ali Bidadfar, Oscar Saborío-Romano, Jayachandra Naidu Sakamuri, Vladislav Akhmatov, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis and Poul Ejnar Sørensen
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Ali Bidadfar: Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Oscar Saborío-Romano: Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Jayachandra Naidu Sakamuri: Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Vladislav Akhmatov: Energinet, Tonne Kjærsvej 65, 7000 Fredericia, Denmark
Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis: Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Poul Ejnar Sørensen: Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 18, 1-13

Abstract: The development of efficient and reliable offshore electrical transmission infrastructure is a key factor in the proliferation of offshore wind farms (OWFs). Traditionally, high-voltage AC (HVAC) transmission has been used for OWFs. Recently, voltage-source-converter-based (VSC-based) high-voltage DC (VSC-HVDC) transmission technologies have also been considered due to their grid-forming capabilities. Diode-rectifier-based (DR-based) HVDC (DR-HVDC) transmission is also getting attention due to its increased reliability and reduced offshore platform footprint. Parallel operation of transmission systems using such technologies can be expected in the near future as new OWFs are planned in the vicinity of existing ones, with connections to more than one onshore AC system. This work addresses the control and parallel operation of three transmission links: VSC-HVDC, DR-HVDC, and HVAC, connecting a large OWF (cluster) to three different onshore AC systems. The HVAC link forms the offshore AC grid, while the diode rectifier and the wind farm are synchronized to this grid voltage. The offshore HVDC converter can operate in grid-following or grid-forming mode, depending on the requirement. The contributions of this paper are threefold. (1) Novel DR- and VSC-HVDC control methods are proposed for the parallel operation of the three transmission systems. (2) An effective control method for the offshore converter of VSC-HVDC is proposed such that it can effectively operate as either a grid-following or a grid-forming converter. (3) A novel phase-locked loop (PLL) control for VSC-HVDC is proposed for the easy transition from the grid-following to the grid-forming converter in case the HVAC link trips. Dynamic simulations in PSCAD validate the ability of the proposed controllers to ride through faults and transition between grid-following and grid-forming operation.

Keywords: offshore wind; power transmission systems; diode rectifiers; converter control system; HVDC links (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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