Synthesis of Optimal Battery State-of-Charge Trajectory for Blended Regime of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in the Presence of Low-Emission Zones and Varying Road Grades

Jure Soldo, Branimir Škugor and Joško Deur
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Jure Soldo: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10002, Croatia
Branimir Škugor: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10002, Croatia
Joško Deur: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10002, Croatia

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 22, 1-21

Abstract: The powertrain efficiency for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) can be maximized by gradually discharging the battery in a blended regime, where the engine is regularly used all over the driving cycle. A key step in designing an optimal PHEV control strategy for the blended regime corresponds to synthesis of battery state-of-charge (SoC) reference trajectory. The paper first demonstrates that the optimal SoC trajectory can significantly differ from a typical linear-like shape in the case of varying road grade and presence of low-emission zones (LEZ). Next, dynamic programming (DP)-based optimizations of PHEV control variables are conducted for the purpose of extracting and analyzing optimal SoC trajectory patterns. It is shown that the optimality is closely related to the minimization of SoC trajectory length with respect to travelled distance. This finding is used for SoC reference trajectory synthesis in the presence of LEZ and varying road grades. Finally, the overall PHEV control strategy is applied to a PHEV-type city bus and verified by means of computer simulations in comparison with the DP optimization benchmark.

Keywords: plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; control; optimization; dynamic programming; battery state-of-charge trajectory; low-emission zones; variable road grade (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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