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Energy Aware Virtual Machine Scheduling in Data Centers

Yeliang Qiu, Congfeng Jiang, Yumei Wang, Dongyang Ou, Youhuizi Li and Jian Wan
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Yeliang Qiu: Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310018, China
Congfeng Jiang: Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310018, China
Yumei Wang: Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310018, China
Dongyang Ou: Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310018, China
Youhuizi Li: Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310018, China
Jian Wan: Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310018, China

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 4, 1-21

Abstract: Power consumption is a primary concern in modern servers and data centers. Due to varying in workload types and intensities, different servers may have a different energy efficiency (EE) and energy proportionality (EP) even while having the same hardware configuration (i.e., central processing unit (CPU) generation and memory installation). For example, CPU frequency scaling and memory modules voltage scaling can significantly affect the server’s energy efficiency. In conventional virtualized data centers, the virtual machine (VM) scheduler packs VMs to servers until they saturate, without considering their energy efficiency and EP differences. In this paper we propose EASE, the Energy efficiency and proportionality Aware VM SchEduling framework containing data collection and scheduling algorithms. In the EASE framework, each server’s energy efficiency and EP characteristics are first identified by executing customized computing intensive, memory intensive, and hybrid benchmarks. Servers will be labelled and categorized with their affinity for different incoming requests according to their EP and EE characteristics. Then for each VM, EASE will undergo workload characterization procedure by tracing and monitoring their resource usage including CPU, memory, disk, and network and determine whether it is computing intensive, memory intensive, or a hybrid workload. Finally, EASE schedules VMs to servers by matching the VM’s workload type and the server’s EP and EE preference. The rationale of EASE is to schedule VMs to servers to keep them working around their peak energy efficiency point, i.e., the near optimal working range. When workload fluctuates, EASE re-schedules or migrates VMs to other servers to make sure that all the servers are running as near their optimal working range as they possibly can. The experimental results on real clusters show that EASE can save servers’ power consumption as much as 37.07%–49.98% in both homogeneous and heterogeneous clusters, while the average completion time of the computing intensive VMs increases only 0.31%–8.49%. In the heterogeneous nodes, the power consumption of the computing intensive VMs can be reduced by 44.22%. The job completion time can be saved by 53.80%.

Keywords: data center; energy efficiency; energy proportionality (EP); scheduling; virtual machine (VM) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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