Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration

Neofytos Neofytou, Konstantinos Blazakis, Yiannis Katsigiannis and Georgios Stavrakakis
Additional contact information
Neofytos Neofytou: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
Konstantinos Blazakis: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
Yiannis Katsigiannis: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Romanou 3, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
Georgios Stavrakakis: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, GR-73100 Chania, Greece

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 4, 1-23

Abstract: The rapid development of technology used in electric vehicles, and in particular their penetration in electricity networks, is a major challenge for the area of electric power systems. The utilization of battery capacity of the interconnected vehicles can bring significant benefits to the network via the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) operation. The V2G operation is a process that can provide primary frequency regulation services in the electric network by exploiting the total capacity of a fleet of electric vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects PHEVs cause in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy sources (RES) penetration. Also it is taken into consideration the requirements of users for charging their vehicles. The V2G operation can be performed either with fluctuations in charging power of vehicles, or by charging or discharging the battery. So an electric vehicle user can participate in V2G operation either during the loading of the vehicle to the charging station, or by connecting the vehicle in the charging station without any further demands to charge its battery. In this paper, the response of PHEVs with respect to the frequency fluctuations of the network is modeled and simulated. Additionally, by using the PowerWorld Simulator software, simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island, including the current RES penetration are performed in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of V2G operation in its primary frequency regulation.

Keywords: vehicle-to-grid (V2G); isolated power system dynamic simulation; primary frequency control (PFC); scheduled charging; aggregator; battery storage; renewable energy systems modeling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/4/720/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/4/720/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:4:p:720-:d:208171

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().