Assessment of Maximum Penetration Capacity of Photovoltaic Generator Considering Frequency Stability in Practical Stand-Alone Microgrid

Kwang Woo Joung, Hee-Jin Lee and Jung-Wook Park
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Kwang Woo Joung: School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
Hee-Jin Lee: Department of Electronic Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi-si 39177, Korea
Jung-Wook Park: School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 8, 1-16

Abstract: In South Korea, the existing diesel generators are being replaced with renewable energy sources (RESs) in several stand-alone microgrids. However, their reliability and stability are not still guaranteed by fluctuations of the system caused by RESs, arising from unpredictable changes in environmental factors. Moreover, since the inertia that is originally provided by the diesel synchronous generators is reduced, the overall system becomes highly sensitive to frequency variations. As a result, the installation of RESs must be well planned while considering the upper limit of their installed capacity. In this paper, a new method for evaluating the maximum penetration capacity of photovoltaic (PV) generators to ensure the stable operation of a microgrid is proposed. For the analytical approach, two frequency stability indexes, which are the minimum instantaneous frequency and the quasi-steady-state (QSS) frequency after a disturbance, are used. The capacity of PV to be installed is limited by considering the characteristics of other generators. In addition, the efficiency of the energy storage system (ESS) is also analyzed to determine the optimal capacity of both PV and ESS. The effectiveness of the proposed method is firstly proven through the mathematical analysis. Then, case studies on a practical stand-alone microgrid in South Korea are carried out using a time-domain simulation based on the DIgSILENT PowerFactory ® software.

Keywords: maximum penetration capacity; frequency stability; stand-alone microgrid; quasi-steady-state frequency; minimum instantaneous frequency; system inertia; photovoltaic generator; renewable energy source (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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