Potential Protein and Biodiesel Sources from Black Soldier Fly Larvae: Insights of Larval Harvesting Instar and Fermented Feeding Medium

Chung-Yiin Wong, Siti-Suhailah Rosli, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Yeek Chia Ho, Arunsri Leejeerajumnean, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Chin-Kui Cheng, Man-Kee Lam and Jun-Wei Lim
Additional contact information
Chung-Yiin Wong: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Siti-Suhailah Rosli: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Yoshimitsu Uemura: Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Yeek Chia Ho: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Arunsri Leejeerajumnean: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
Worapon Kiatkittipong: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
Chin-Kui Cheng: Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
Man-Kee Lam: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Jun-Wei Lim: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

Energies, 2019, vol. 12, issue 8, 1-15

Abstract: Primarily produced via transesterification of lipid sources, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of biodiesel derived from insect larvae has gained momentum in a great deal of research done over other types of feedstock. From the self-harvesting nature of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), research had, however, only concentrated on the harvest of BSFL on sixth instar. Through rearing BSFL on coconut endosperm waste (CEW), 100 BSFL were harvested at the fifth and sixth instar, then modification on CEW with mixed-bacteria powder was carried out. It was found that the fifth instar BSFL had 34% lipid content, which was 8% more than the sixth instar. Both instars had similar corrected protein contents around 35–38%. The sixth instar BSFL contained around 19% of chitin, which was about 11% more than the fifth instar. Biodiesel products from both instars showed no differences in terms of FAME content. With modification on CEW, at 0.5 wt% of mixed-bacteria powder concentration, the maximum waste-to-biomass conversion (WBC) and protein conversion (PC) were achieved at 9% and 60%, respectively. Moreover, even with the shorter fermentation time frame of CEW, it did not affect the development of BSFL in terms of its WBC and PC when fed with 14 and 21 days fermented medium. FAME from all groups set, which predominantly constituted about C12:0 at around 60%, followed by C14:0 at around 15%, C16:0, and C18:1 both at 10% on average. Lastly, the FAME yield from BSFL was improved from 25% (sixth instar) to 33% (fifth instar) and showed its highest at 38.5% with modification on raw CEW with 0.5 wt% mixed-bacteria powder and fermented for 21 days. Thus, harvesting BSFL at earlier instar is more beneficial and practical, as it improves the FAME yield from the BSFL biomass.

Keywords: black soldier fly larvae (BSFL); instar; lipid; fatty acid methyl ester (FAME); fermentation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/8/1570/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/8/1570/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:8:p:1570-:d:225842

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().