Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines

Jaya Madana Gopal, Giovanni Tretola, Robert Morgan, Guillaume de Sercey, Andrew Atkins and Konstantina Vogiatzaki
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Jaya Madana Gopal: Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
Giovanni Tretola: Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
Robert Morgan: Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
Guillaume de Sercey: Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
Andrew Atkins: Ricardo Innovations, Shoreham Technical Centre, Shoreham-by-Sea BN43 5FG, UK
Konstantina Vogiatzaki: Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 12, 1-25

Abstract: In this paper we provide insight into the thermophysical properties and the dynamics of cryogenic jets. The motivation of the work is to optimise the use of cryogenic fluids in novel ultra low emission engines. For demonstration, we use conditions relevant to an internal combustion engine currently being developed by Dolphin N2 and the University of Brighton, the CryoPower recuperated split cycle engine (RSCE). The principle of this engine is a split-cycle combustion concept which can use cryogenic injection in the compression cylinder to achieve isothermal compression and thus help maximise the efficiency of the engine. Combined experimental and numerical findings are presented and the effects of atomisation dynamics of the LN 2 are explored at both sub- and supercritical conditions in order to cover different pressure and temperature conditions representative of the engine compression cycle. For subcritical regimes, we observe that the appearance of the jet coincides with the predicted atomisation regimes based on the Weber, Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers for other common fluids. For the modelling of supercritical jets, a new methodology within OpenFoam which accounts for Real Fluid Thermodynamics has been developed and the jet behaviour under various pressure and temperature conditions has been investigated. To our knowledge this is the first study where a cryogenic spray process evolution is examined for conditions relevant to the ones prevailing in a compression chamber accounting for both sub and supercritical conditions.

Keywords: cryogenic injection and mixing; liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ); advanced internal combustion engines; supercritical; real fluids thermodynamics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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