Optimal Calibration Strategy of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Equipped with an Ultra-Lean Pre-Chamber SI Engine for the Minimization of CO 2 and Pollutant Emissions

Fabio Bozza, Vincenzo De Bellis, Enrica Malfi, Luigi Teodosio and Daniela Tufano
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Fabio Bozza: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
Vincenzo De Bellis: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
Enrica Malfi: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
Luigi Teodosio: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
Daniela Tufano: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 15, 1-25

Abstract: The complexity of modern hybrid powertrains poses new challenges for the optimal control concerning, on one hand, the thermal engine to maximize its efficiency, and, on the other hand, the vehicle to minimize the noxious emissions and CO 2 . In this context, the engine calibration has to be conducted by considering simultaneously the powertrain management, the vehicle characteristics, and the driving mission. In this work, a calibration methodology for a two-stage boosted ultra-lean pre-chamber spark ignition (SI) engine is proposed, aiming at minimizing its CO 2 and pollutant emissions. The engine features a flexible variable valve timing (VVT) control of the valves and an E-compressor, coupled in series to a turbocharger, to guarantee an adequate boost level needed for ultra-lean operation. The engine is simulated in a refined 1D model. A simplified methodology, based on a network of proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers, is presented for the calibration over the whole operating domain. Two calibration variants are proposed and compared, characterized by different fuel and electric consumptions: the first one aims to exclusively maximize the brake thermal efficiency, and the second one additionally considers the electric energy absorbed by the E-compressor and drained from the battery. After a verification against the outcomes of an automatic optimizer, the calibration strategies are assessed based on pollutant and CO 2 emissions along representative driving cycles by vehicle simulations. The results highlight slightly lower CO 2 emissions with the calibration approach that minimizes the E-compressor consumption, thus revealing the importance of considering the engine calibration phase, the powertrain management, the vehicle characteristics, and its mission.

Keywords: virtual engine calibration; ultra-lean combustion; hybrid vehicle; 0D-1D engine modelling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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