Experimental and Computational Evaluation of Heavy Metal Cation Adsorption for Molecular Design of Hydrothermal Char

Louise Delahaye, John Thomas Hobson, Matthew Peter Rando, Brenna Sweeney, Avery Bernard Brown, Geoffrey Allen Tompsett, Ayten Ates, N. Aaron Deskins and Michael Thomas Timko
Additional contact information
Louise Delahaye: Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
John Thomas Hobson: Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
Matthew Peter Rando: Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
Brenna Sweeney: Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
Avery Bernard Brown: Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
Geoffrey Allen Tompsett: Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
Ayten Ates: Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
N. Aaron Deskins: Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
Michael Thomas Timko: Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 16, 1-24

Abstract: A model hydrochar was synthesized from glucose at 180 °C and its Cu(II) sorption capacity was studied experimentally and computationally as an example of molecular-level adsorbent design. The sorption capacity of the glucose hydrochar was less than detection limits (3 mg g −1 ) and increased significantly with simple alkali treatments with hydroxide and carbonate salts of K and Na. Sorption capacity depended on the salt used for alkali treatment, with hydroxides leading to greater improvement than carbonates and K + more than Na + . Subsequent zeta potential and infrared spectroscopy analysis implicated the importance of electrostatic interactions in Cu(II) sorption to the hydrochar surface. Computational modeling using Density Functional Theory (DFT) rationalized the binding as electrostatic interactions with carboxylate groups; similarly, DFT calculations were consistent with the finding that K + was more effective than Na + at activating the hydrochar. Based on this finding, custom-synthesized hydrochars were synthesized from glucose-acrylic acid and glucose-vinyl sulfonic acid precursors, with subsequent improvements in Cu(II) adsorption capacity. The performance of these hydrochars was compared with ion exchange resins, with the finding that Cu(II)-binding site stoichiometry is superior in the hydrochars compared with the resins, offering potential for future improvements in hydrochar design.

Keywords: hydrochar; alkali treatment; copper ions; adsorption; computational (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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