Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine Operated with Gasoline Supplemented with Pyrogasoline and Ethanol

Luís Durão, Joaquim Costa, Tiago Arantes, F. P. Brito, Jorge Martins and Margarida Gonçalves
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Luís Durão: MEtRICs—Science and Technology of Biomass Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
Joaquim Costa: MEtRICs—Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
Tiago Arantes: MEtRICs—Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
F. P. Brito: MEtRICs—Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
Jorge Martins: MEtRICs—Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
Margarida Gonçalves: MEtRICs—Science and Technology of Biomass Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 18, 1-15

Abstract: The partial replacement of fossil fuels by biofuels contributes to a reduction of CO 2 emissions, alleviating the greenhouse effect and climate changes. Furthermore, fuels produced from waste biomass materials have no impact on agricultural land use and reduce deposition of such wastes in landfills. In this paper we evaluate the addition of pyrolysis biogasoline (pyrogasoline) as an additive for fossil gasoline. Pyrogasoline was produced from used cooking oils unfit to produce biodiesel. This study was based on a set of engine tests using binary and ternary mixtures of gasoline with 0, 2.5, and 5% pyrogasoline and ethanol. The use of ternary blends of gasoline and two different biofuels was tested with the purpose of achieving optimal combustion conditions and lower emissions, taking advantage of synergistic effects due to the different properties and chemical compositions of those biofuels. The tests were performed on a spark-ignition engine, operated at full load (100% throttle, or WOT—wide open throttle) between 2000 and 6000 rpm, while recording engine performance and exhaust gases pollutants data. Binary mixtures with pyrogasoline did not improve or worsen the engine’s performance, but the ternary mixtures (gasoline + pyrogasoline + ethanol) positively improved the engine’s performance with torque gains between 0.8 and 3.1% compared to gasoline. All fuels presented CO and unburned hydrocarbons emissions below those produced by this type of engine operated under normal (fossil) gasoline. On the other hand, NO x emissions from oxygenated fuels had contradictory behaviour compared to gasoline. If we consider the gains achieved by the torque with the ternary mixtures and reductions in polluting emissions obtained by mixtures with pyrogasoline, a future for this fuel can be foreseen as a partial replacement of fossil gasoline.

Keywords: lipid bio-oils; pyrogasoline; performance; exhaust emissions and spark-ignition engine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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