Black Start Restoration of Islanded Droop-Controlled Microgrids

Ogbonnaya Bassey and Karen L. Butler-Purry
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Ogbonnaya Bassey: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Karen L. Butler-Purry: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 22, 1-28

Abstract: The electricity grid faces the possibility of outages due to extreme weather events, cyber-attack, and unexpected events. When these unwanted events occur, it is desired that electricity be restored as soon as possible to meet the power demands of critical loads. The microgrid approach to power restoration holds a lot of promise, since microgrids can operate in island mode. This paper presents a novel sequential restoration methodology for microgrid black start. The microgrid architecture considered is assumed to be operating in multi-master mode. The master distributed generators (DGs) are coordinated to operate together through droop control. Several operational constraints are formulated and linearized to realize a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The method is studied on an islanded microgrid based on a modified IEEE 13 node test feeder. Detailed transient simulation in PSCAD was used to verify the accuracy of the restoration methodology. The developed restoration method can maximize the energy restored while ensuring good voltage and frequency regulation, and ensure that power scheduling mismatch is shared in the desired proportion.

Keywords: autonomous; black start; droop control; island; linear power flow; microgrid; MILP; multi-master; restoration; transient simulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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