Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research

Daniela Pagnani, Frede Blaabjerg, Claus Leth Bak, Filipe Miguel Faria da Silva, Łukasz H. Kocewiak and Jesper Hjerrild
Additional contact information
Daniela Pagnani: Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Frede Blaabjerg: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Claus Leth Bak: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Filipe Miguel Faria da Silva: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Łukasz H. Kocewiak: Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Jesper Hjerrild: Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 23, 1-24

Abstract: A review of the ongoing research on black start (BS) service integrated with offshore wind farms (OWFs) is presented in this paper. The overall goal is to firstly gain a better understanding of the BS capabilities required by modern power systems. Subsequently, the challenges faced by OWFs as novel BS service providers as well as an outlook on the ongoing research which may provide solutions to these are presented. OWFs have the potential to be a fast and environmentally friendly technology to provide BS services for power system restoration and, therefore, to ensure resiliency after blackouts. As a power electronic-based system, OWFs can be equipped with a self-starter in the system in order to perform BS. The self-start unit could be a synchronous generator (SG) or a power electronic unit such as a grid-forming (GFM) converter. Preliminary BS studies performed in PSCAD/EMTDC are presented in a simplified OWF system via an SG as the self-start unit. Consequently, technical challenges during the BS procedure in an OWF benchmark system are outlined via theoretical discussions and simulations results. This is useful to understand the threats to power electronics during BS. Finally, the most relevant GFM strategies in the state-of-the-art literature are presented and their application to OWF BS is discussed.

Keywords: black start; power system restoration; offshore wind farms; power system resiliency; grid-forming; island operation; grid-synchronisation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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