Forks in the Road to E-Mobility: An Evaluation of Instrument Interaction in National Policy Mixes in Northwest Europe

Marc Dijk, Eric Iversen, Antje Klitkou, Rene Kemp, Simon Bolwig, Mads Borup and Peter Møllgaard
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Marc Dijk: School of Business & Economics, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Antje Klitkou: Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU), 0608 Oso, Norway
Simon Bolwig: DTU Management, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Mads Borup: Borup Strategi og Analyse, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 2, 1-20

Abstract: This paper evaluates how policy shaped the emergence of electric mobility in three countries, Norway, the Netherlands and Denmark, between 2010 and 2015. Whereas previous studies have looked at the effects of separate policy instruments, this paper gives insights in the interaction effects of instruments on the diffusion of battery electric cars between five policy areas. Based on analysis of synergetic, contradictory and pre-conditional effects, we find that an effective policy mix includes: fiscal incentives that mirror the actual carbon footprint of the respective vehicles; non-fiscal demand-side incentives; centrally financed and/or coordinated charging infrastructure; clarity regarding the choice of technology that will be supported. Moreover, development of a domestic, e-mobility-related industry and a high share of renewable energy strengthens the legitimization of e-mobility support. The findings help designing policy mixes in the transition to electric mobility.

Keywords: e-mobility; electric vehicles; policy mixes; policy evaluation; transition policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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