Receding Horizon Control of Cooling Systems for Large-Size Uninterruptible Power Supply Based on a Metal-Air Battery System

Bonhyun Gu, Heeyun Lee, Changbeom Kang, Donghwan Sung, Sanghoon Lee, Sunghyun Yun, Sung Kwan Park, Gu-Young Cho, Namwook Kim and Suk Won Cha
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Bonhyun Gu: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Heeyun Lee: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Changbeom Kang: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Donghwan Sung: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Sanghoon Lee: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Sunghyun Yun: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Sung Kwan Park: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Gu-Young Cho: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Korea
Namwook Kim: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
Suk Won Cha: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 7, 1-15

Abstract: As application of electric energy have expanded, the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) concept has attracted considerable attention, and new UPS technologies have been developed. Despite the extensive research on the batteries for UPS, conventional batteries are still being used in large-scale UPS systems. However, lead-acid batteries, which are currently widely adopted in UPS, require frequent maintenance and are relatively expensive as compared with some other kinds of batteries, like metal-air batteries. In previous work, we designed a novel metal-air battery, with low cost and easy maintenance for large-scale UPS applications. An extensive analysis was performed to apply our metal-air battery to the hybrid UPS model. In this study, we focus on including an optimal control system for high battery performance. We developed an algorithm based on receding horizon control (RHC) for each fan of the cooling system. The algorithm reflects the operation properties of the metal-air battery so that it can supply power for a long time. We solved RHC by applying dynamic programming (DP) for a corresponding time. Different variables, such as current density, oxygen concentration, and temperature, were considered for the application of DP. Additionally, a 1.5-dimensional DP, which is used for solving the RHC, was developed using the state variables with high sensitivity and considering the battery characteristics. Because there is no other control variable during operation, only one control variable, the fan flow, was used, and the state variables were divided by section rather than a point. Thus, we not only developed a sub-optimal control strategy for the UPS but also found that fan control can improve the performance of metal-air batteries. The sub-optimal control strategy showed stable and 6–10% of improvement in UPS operating time based on the simulation.

Keywords: cooling system; dynamic programming; metal-air battery; receding horizon control; state variables; uninterruptible power supply (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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