Atomic Layer Deposition of Lithium–Nickel–Silicon Oxide Cathode Material for Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Batteries

Maxim Maximov, Denis Nazarov, Aleksander Rumyantsev, Yury Koshtyal, Ilya Ezhov, Ilya Mitrofanov, Artem Kim, Oleg Medvedev and Anatoly Popovich
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Maxim Maximov: Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Denis Nazarov: Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Aleksander Rumyantsev: Ioffe Institute, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Yury Koshtyal: Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Ilya Ezhov: Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Ilya Mitrofanov: Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Artem Kim: Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Oleg Medvedev: Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Anatoly Popovich: Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 9, 1-24

Abstract: Lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ) and materials based on it are attractive positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, owing to their large capacity. In this paper, the results of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of lithium–nickel–silicon oxide thin films using lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) and bis(cyclopentadienyl) nickel (II) (NiCp 2 ) as precursors and remote oxygen plasma as a counter-reagent are reported. Two approaches were studied: ALD using supercycles and ALD of the multilayered structure of lithium oxide, lithium nickel oxide, and nickel oxides followed by annealing. The prepared films were studied by scanning electron microscopy, spectral ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selected-area electron diffraction. The pulse ratio of LiHMDS/Ni(Cp) 2 precursors in one supercycle ranged from 1/1 to 1/10. Silicon was observed in the deposited films, and after annealing, crystalline Li 2 SiO 3 and Li 2 Si 2 O 5 were formed at 800 °C. Annealing of the multilayered sample caused the partial formation of LiNiO 2 . The obtained cathode materials possessed electrochemical activity comparable with the results for other thin-film cathodes.

Keywords: atomic layer deposition; lithium–nickel–silicon oxide; Li-ion batteries; thin-film battery; cathode materials (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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