Stratified Control Applied to a Three-Phase Unbalanced Low Voltage Distribution Grid in a Local Peer-to-Peer Energy Community

Bharath Varsh Rao, Mark Stefan, Roman Schwalbe, Roman Karl, Friederich Kupzog and Martin Kozek
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Bharath Varsh Rao: Electric Energy Systems Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Mark Stefan: Electric Energy Systems Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Roman Schwalbe: Electric Energy Systems Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Roman Karl: Electric Energy Systems Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Friederich Kupzog: Electric Energy Systems Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Martin Kozek: Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 11, 1-19

Abstract: This paper presents control relationships between the low voltage distribution grid and flexibilities in a peer-to-peer local energy community using a stratified control strategy. With the increase in a diverse set of distributed energy resources and the next generation of loads such as electric storage, vehicles and heat pumps, it is paramount to maintain them optimally to guarantee grid security and supply continuity. Local energy communities are being introduced and gaining traction in recent years to drive the local production, distribution, consumption and trading of energy. The control scheme presented in this paper involves a stratified controller with grid and flexibility layers. The grid controller consists of a three-phase unbalanced optimal power flow using the holomorphic embedding load flow method wrapped around a genetic algorithm and various flexibility controllers, using three-phase unbalanced model predictive control. The control scheme generates active and reactive power set-points at points of common couplings where flexibilities are connected. The grid controller’s optimal power flow can introduce additional grid support functionalities to further increase grid stability. Flexibility controllers are recommended to actively track the obtained set-points from the grid controller, to ensure system-level optimization. Blockchain enables this control scheme by providing appropriate data exchange between the layers. This scheme is applied to a real low voltage rural grid in Austria, and the result analysis is presented.

Keywords: local energy communities; Blockchain; stratified control; optimal power flows; holomorphic embedding load flow method; model predictive control; smart grids (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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