Study on Boil-off Gas (BOG) Minimization and Recovery Strategies from Actual Baseload LNG Export Terminal: Towards Sustainable LNG Chains

Zineb Bouabidi, Fares Almomani, Easa I. Al-musleh, Mary A. Katebah, Mohamed M. Hussein, Abdur Rahman Shazed, Iftekhar A. Karimi and Hassan Alfadala
Additional contact information
Zineb Bouabidi: Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Fares Almomani: Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Easa I. Al-musleh: Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Mary A. Katebah: Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Mohamed M. Hussein: Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Abdur Rahman Shazed: Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Iftekhar A. Karimi: Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Hassan Alfadala: Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 12, 1-22

Abstract: Boil-off Gas (BOG) generated at the liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminal causes negative economic and environmental impacts. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop and evaluate various handling schemes to minimize and/or recover the generated BOG from an actual baseload LNG export terminal with a capacity of 554 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) of natural gas feed. The following three main scenarios were assessed: JBOG re-liquefaction, LNG sub-cooling, and lean fuel gas (LFG) reflux. For the LNG subcooling, two sub-cases were considered; standalone subcooling before LNG storage and subcooling in the prevailing liquefaction cycle. Steady-state models for these scenarios were simulated using Aspen Plus ® based on a shortcut approach to quickly evaluate the proposed scenarios and determine the promising options that should be considered for further rigorous analysis. Results indicated that the flow of attainable excess LNG is 0.07, 0.03, and 0.022 million metric tons per annum (MTA) for the standalone LNG sub-cooling, LNG sub-cooling in the main cryogenic heat exchanger (MCHE), and both LFG-refluxing and jetty boil-off gas (JBOG) liquefaction, respectively. This in turn results in a profit of 24.58, 12.24, 8.14, and 7.63 million $/year for the LNG price of 7$ per Metric Million British Thermal Unit (MMBtu) of LNG.

Keywords: steady-state simulation; C3MR process; boil-off-gas; liquefied natural gas; exporting terminal; BOG recovery; flare minimization; fuel balance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3478/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3478/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:3478-:d:573521

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().