Inductive Power Transfer Link at 13.56 MHz for Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers

Krithikaa Mohanarangam, Yellappa Palagani, Kunhee Cho and Jun-Rim Choi
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Krithikaa Mohanarangam: School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Yellappa Palagani: School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Kunhee Cho: School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Jun-Rim Choi: School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 17, 1-13

Abstract: Inductive power links are most viable for the long-term powering of cardiac pacemakers. Designing an inductive power link without surpassing the specific absorption rate (SAR) for modern leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCPs) remains a challenging task because of its size and implantation depth. The inductive power link employed in the conventional works is either designed at a high frequency or based on the size, shape, weight, and implantation depth of conventional cardiac pacemakers. Here, a 3-coil inductive power transfer link with a circular transmitter coil and solenoidal receiver coil is designed at 13.56 MHz to provide uninterrupted power to the modern LCPs. Considering the food and drug administration approved term for implant size of modern LCP, the receiver coil is designed with 6 mm diameter and 6.5 mm length. The performance of the link has been verified through simulations and measurements under perfect alignment, lateral and/or angular misalignments, and distance variation between the coils. At a 50 mm horizontal distance between transmitter and receiver coils, the transmission coefficient is −30.9 dB. The maximum simulated average SAR at heterogeneous phantom is 0.30 W/kg, which is lower than the limit set by the Federal Communications Commission for radiation threshold exposure. Experiments conducted on pork’s heart verified the reliability of the simulated results. At a 50 mm distance between the coils, the measured transmission coefficient is −34 dB, and at an input power of 1 W, the power delivered to the load is 0.7 mW.

Keywords: leadless cardiac pacemaker; 3-coil inductive power transfer link; solenoidal receiver; transmission coefficient; specific absorption rate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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