Discrimination of Transformer Inrush Currents and Internal Fault Currents Using Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm (EKF)

Sunil Kumar Gunda and Venkata Samba Sesha Siva Sarma Dhanikonda
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Sunil Kumar Gunda: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India
Venkata Samba Sesha Siva Sarma Dhanikonda: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal 506015, India

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 19, 1-20

Abstract: The discrimination of inrush currents and internal fault currents in transformers is an important feature of a transformer protection scheme. The harmonic current restrained feature is used in conventional differential relay protection of transformers. A literature survey shows that the discrimination between the inrush currents and internal fault currents is still an area that is open to research. In this paper, the classification of internal fault currents and magnetic inrush currents in the transformer is performed by using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. When a transformer is energized under normal conditions, the EKF estimates the primary side winding current and, hence, the absolute residual signal (ARS) value is zero. The ARS value will not be equal to zero for internal fault and inrush phenomena conditions; hence, the EKF algorithm will be used for discriminating the internal faults and inrush faults by keeping the threshold level to the ARS value. The simulation results are compared with the theoretical analysis under various conditions. It is also observed that the detection time of internal faults decreases with the severity of the fault. The results of various test cases using the EKF algorithm are presented. This scheme provides fast protection of the transformer for severe faults.

Keywords: transformer; internal fault currents; magnetic inrush currents; extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm; harmonic estimation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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