A Decarbonization Roadmap for Singapore and Its Energy Policy Implications

Hon Chung Lau, Seeram Ramakrishna, Kai Zhang and Mohamed Ziaudeen Shahul Hameed
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Hon Chung Lau: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
Seeram Ramakrishna: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
Kai Zhang: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
Mohamed Ziaudeen Shahul Hameed: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 20, 1-23

Abstract: As a signatory to the Paris Agreement, Singapore is committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions in the second half of the century. In this paper, we propose a decarbonization roadmap for Singapore based on an analysis of Singapore’s energy landscape and a technology mapping exercise. This roadmap consists of four major components. The first component, which also underpins the other three components, is using centralized post-combustion carbon capture technology to capture and compress CO 2 emitted from multiple industrial sources in Jurong Island. The captured CO 2 is then transported by ship or an existing natural gas pipeline to a neighboring country, where it will be stored permanently in a subsurface reservoir. Important to the success of this first-of-a-kind cross-border carbon capture and storage (CCS) project is the establishment of a regional CCS corridor, which makes use of economies of scale to reduce the cost of CO 2 capture, transport, and injection. The second component of the roadmap is the production of hydrogen in a methane steam reforming plant which is integrated with the carbon capture plant. The third component is the modernizing of the refining sector by introducing biorefineries, increasing output to petrochemical plants, and employing post-combustion carbon capture. The fourth component is refueling the transport sector by introducing electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, using biofuels for aviation and hydrogen for marine vessels. The implications of this roadmap on Singapore’s energy policies are also discussed.

Keywords: decarbonization; roadmap; Singapore (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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