Pressure Retarded Osmosis Power Units Modelling for Power Flow Analysis of Electric Distribution Networks

Mario Llamas-Rivas, Alejandro Pizano-Martínez, Claudio R. Fuerte-Esquivel, Luis R. Merchan-Villalba, José M. Lozano-García, Enrique A. Zamora-Cárdenas and Víctor J. Gutiérrez-Martínez
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Mario Llamas-Rivas: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
Alejandro Pizano-Martínez: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
Claudio R. Fuerte-Esquivel: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
Luis R. Merchan-Villalba: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
José M. Lozano-García: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
Enrique A. Zamora-Cárdenas: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
Víctor J. Gutiérrez-Martínez: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 20, 1-30

Abstract: Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) power units, which produce electrical energy from salinity gradient sources located at coastlines, are a technology still in the process of maturation; however, there is an expectation that this technology will need to be integrated into electrical distribution networks. Such integration will drive changes in the electric response of the distribution systems which may lead to harmful operating conditions. Power flow analysis is a tool used to reveal the steady-state operating condition of distribution systems and which could be extended to study and address the integration of PRO power units. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, such extension of power flow analysis has not yet been addressed in the literature. Accordingly, this paper comprehensively provides a model to evaluate the electric current and complex power produced by PRO power units. This model is directly embedded in the forward-backward sweep (FBS) method, extending the power flow analysis of electric distribution systems in this way so as to consider the integration of PRO power units. The resulting approach permits revealing of the steady-state operating response of distribution systems and the effects that may be driven by the integration of PRO power units, as corroborated through numerical results on a 14-node test distribution system.

Keywords: salinity gradient; PRO power units; electric distribution systems; power flow analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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