Mechanism of Solute and Thermal Characteristics in a Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Based with Ethylene Glycol Influenced by Soret and Dufour Effects

Muhammad Bilal Hafeez, Wojciech Sumelka, Umar Nazir, Hijaz Ahmad and Sameh Askar
Additional contact information
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
Wojciech Sumelka: Institute of Structural Analysis, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 5 Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Umar Nazir: Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Space Technology, P.O. Box 2750, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Hijaz Ahmad: Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186 Roma, Italy
Sameh Askar: Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 20, 1-19

Abstract: This article models a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) for the thermal and solute characteristics under gradients (concentration and temperature) in the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Casson liquid in a Darcy porous medium. The modelled problems are highly non-linear with convective boundary conditions. These problems are solved numerically with a finite element approach under a tolerance of 10 − 8 . A numerical algorithm (finite element approach) is provided and a numerical procedure is discussed. Convergence is also observed via 300 elements. Simulations are run to explore the dynamics of flow and the transport of heat and mass under parametric variation. To examine the impact of a temperature gradient on the transport of mass and the role of a concentration gradient on the transport of heat energy, simulations are recorded. Remarkable changes in temperature and concentration are noted when Dufour and Soret numbers are varied.

Keywords: numerical algorithm; heat energy; mass transfer; convergence; finite element method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/20/6818/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/20/6818/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6818-:d:659265

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().