Optimal Modulation of Regenerative Braking in Through-The-Road Hybridized Vehicles

Gianfranco Rizzo, Francesco Antonio Tiano, Valerio Mariani and Matteo Marino
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Gianfranco Rizzo: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
Francesco Antonio Tiano: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
Valerio Mariani: Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
Matteo Marino: eProInn, 84084 Fisciano, Italy

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 20, 1-15

Abstract: Regenerative braking can significantly improve the energy efficiency of hybrid and electric vehicles, and many studies have been carried out in order to improve and optimize the energy recovery of the braking energy. In the paper, the optimization of regenerative braking by means of braking force modulation is analysed, with specific application to the case of cars converted into Through-the-road (TTR) hybrid vehicles, and an optimal modulation strategy is also proposed. Car hybridization is an emerging topic since it may be a feasible, low-cost, intermediate step toward the green transition of the transport system with a potential positive impact in third-world countries. In this case, the presence of two in-wheel-motors installed on the rear axle and of the original mechanical braking system mounted on the vehicle can result in limited braking energy recovery in the absence of proper braking management strategies. A vehicle longitudinal model has been integrated with an algorithm of non-linear constrained optimization to maximize the energy recovery for various starting speed and stopping time, also considering the efficiency map and power limitations of the electric components. In the best conditions, the recovery can reach about 40% of the vehicle energy, selecting the best deceleration at each speed and proper modulation, and with a realistic estimate of the grip coefficient.

Keywords: parallel hybrid vehicle; regenerative braking; optimization; vehicle hybridization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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