Remote Microgrids for Energy Access in Indonesia—Part II: PV Microgrids and a Technology Outlook

Desmon Simatupang, Ilman Sulaeman, Niek Moonen, Rinaldi Maulana, Safitri Baharuddin, Amalia Suryani, Jelena Popovic and Frank Leferink
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Desmon Simatupang: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
Ilman Sulaeman: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
Niek Moonen: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
Rinaldi Maulana: Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), Jakarta 15418, Indonesia
Safitri Baharuddin: NZMATES, Kota Ambon 97121, Indonesia
Amalia Suryani: Faculty of Economics, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
Jelena Popovic: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
Frank Leferink: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-18

Abstract: This paper is the companion paper of Remote Microgrids for Energy Access in Indonesia “ Part I: scaling and sustainability challenges and a technology outlook ”. This part II investigates the issues of photovoltaic (PV) systems with respect to the planning, design, and operation, and maintenance phases in microgrids in Indonesia. The technology outlooks are also included as PV has an important role in providing electricity in the underdeveloped, isolated, and border areas. The data in this paper are from PV microgrids located in Maluku and North Maluku, which are two provinces where there is barely any grid connection available and thus very dependent on remote microgrids. The data are obtained from interviews with Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) and NZMATES, which are an Indonesian utility company and a program for supporting role for the PV systems in Maluku funded by New Zealand respectively. Common issues with respect to reliability and sustainability are identified based on the provided data. Advanced technologies to increase reliability and sustainability are also presented in this paper as a technology outlook. Among these solutions are online monitoring systems, PV and battery lifetime estimation, load forecasting strategies, and PV inverters technology.

Keywords: microgrids; photovoltaic; technology outlook; Maluku and North Maluku (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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