A Study of Thermal Degradation and Fire Behaviour of Polymer Composites and Their Gaseous Emission Assessment

Raphael Ogabi, Brady Manescau, Khaled Chetehouna and Nicolas Gascoin
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Raphael Ogabi: INSA Center Val de Loire, University Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, 18022 Bourges, France
Brady Manescau: INSA Center Val de Loire, University Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, 18022 Bourges, France
Khaled Chetehouna: INSA Center Val de Loire, University Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, 18022 Bourges, France
Nicolas Gascoin: INSA Center Val de Loire, University Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, 18022 Bourges, France

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-32

Abstract: The use of polymer composite materials in the aeronautics and automotive sectors has increased dramatically, and their fire behaviour has become a critical parameter in terms of fire safety. On this premise, it is critical to demonstrate that these composite materials constitute elements whose safety justifies a high level of confidence. This is based on their combustibility and the rate at which flammable and toxic gaseous species are emitted. Thus, strict fire safety regulations are enforced by the relevant authorities concerned because of their potential fire risk. This study analysed papers published between 1970 and 2021 that described the devices used to characterise the thermal behaviour of composite materials at various scales. The objective was to highlight the thermophysical phenomena, making it possible to accurately assess the flammability and thermal stability of polymer composite materials. The results of this research reveal that the small-scale facilities provide detailed understanding and mastery of the thermal reaction properties of the composites. While with the medium scale, the extended fire reaction parameters, which are the key indicators of the fire safety performance, can be determined. On a large scale, the tests were carried out using devices such as the NexGen burner recommended by the FAA. Therefore, with such assays, it is possible to assess the rates of thermal degradation as well as quantified pyrolysis gases. However, compared to other scales, there were very few works on a large scale. In addition, by focusing on the polluting nature of synthetic composite materials, there is also few research studies aimed at designing new polymer composite materials from biological sources.

Keywords: composites; fire behaviour; thermal decomposition; thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA); cone calorimeter; next generation burner (NexGen); aircrafts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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