Identification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform

Jacek Kudrys, Dominik Prochniewicz, Fang Zhang, Mateusz Jakubiak and Kamil Maciuk
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Jacek Kudrys: Department of Integrated Geodesy and Cartography, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
Dominik Prochniewicz: Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, 00661 Warsaw, Poland
Fang Zhang: HNU-ASU Joint International Tourism College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Mateusz Jakubiak: Department of Environmental Management and Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
Kamil Maciuk: Department of Integrated Geodesy and Cartography, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-39

Abstract: Onboard satellite clocks are the basis of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) operation, and their revolution periods are at the level of 2 per day (about 12 h) in the case of the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. In this work, the authors analysed the entire BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) space segment (BDS-2 and BDS-3) in terms of the occurrence of periodic, repetitive signals in the clock products, and checked if they coincide with the orbital periods or their multiples. The Lomb-Scargle (L-S) power spectrum was used as a tool to determine the periods present in the BDS clock products, allowing for analyses based on incomplete input data; in this case, the incomplete data were the phase data with jumps and outliers removed. In addition, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was used to produce a time−frequency representation showing the more complex behaviour of the satellite clock products. As shown in the case of geostationary and geosynchronous inclined orbit satellites, the main period was 23.935 h, while for the Medium Earth Orbit it was 12.887 h, with the BDS satellite orbital period being 12 h 53 m (12.883 h). Some effects connected with reference clock swapping are also visible in the power spectrum. The conducted analyses showed that the BDS-2 satellite clocks have much higher noise than the BDS-3 satellite clocks, meaning that the number of designated periods is greater, but their reliability is significantly lower. BDS-3 satellites have only been in operation for a very short time, thus this is the first analysis to include this type of data. Moreover, such a wide and complex analysis has not been carried out to date.

Keywords: satellite; GNSS; period; time; clock; BeiDou (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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