Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming MMC-HVDC Transmission Connected to Legacy Power Systems

Luís F. N. Lourenço, Filipe Perez, Alessio Iovine, Gilney Damm, Renato M. Monaro and Maurício B. C. Salles
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Luís F. N. Lourenço: Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes L2S, CentraleSupelec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3, rue Joliot Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Filipe Perez: Power Systems Group, Lactec Institute, rodovia BR-116, 8813, Jardim das Americas, Curitiba 80215-090, Brazil
Alessio Iovine: Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes L2S, CentraleSupelec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3, rue Joliot Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Gilney Damm: COSYS-LISIS, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 77447 Marne-la-Vallée, France
Renato M. Monaro: Laboratory of Advanced Electric Grids LGrid, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 158 Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, Saint Paul 05508-010, Brazil
Maurício B. C. Salles: Laboratory of Advanced Electric Grids LGrid, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 158 Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, Saint Paul 05508-010, Brazil

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 23, 1-25

Abstract: The power system is going through a change in its very foundations. More and more power converters are being integrated into the electric grid to interface renewable energy resources and in high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. This article presents a discussion on the stability of power systems when HVDC transmission systems based on modular multilevel converters (MMC) are connected in grid-forming (GFM) mode to the legacy power system using concepts of energy functions and Lyapunov stability theory and considering aspects of the interoperability between GFM converter technologies. As a base for the stability analysis, we review the main GFM converter technologies (droop and virtual synchronous machine), highlighting their differences. Then, we present a model using the center-of-inertia formulation for a multi-machine/multi-GFM converter power system representing a close future scenario of power systems where GFM converters might adopt different technologies. To illustrate the theoretical Lyapunov-based stability analysis, simulations performed in Matlab/Simulink showed the behavior of a 12-bus test system during a frequency disturbance that originated from the sudden connection of a load. To reflect the interoperability of different GFM technologies and the power system, scenarios with one single GFM technology and a scenario with mixed technologies were investigated. For the test system considered, the frequency response with fewer oscillations and a higher frequency nadir was obtained when all GFM converters were operated as VSMs that have a higher inertial response contribution.

Keywords: power system stability; voltage source converters; modular multilevel converter; grid-forming converter; future power system; HVDC; energy function stability analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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