A Distributed Hierarchical Control Framework for Economic Dispatch and Frequency Regulation of Autonomous AC Microgrids

Shafaat Ullah, Laiq Khan, Irfan Sami, Ghulam Hafeez and Fahad R. Albogamy
Additional contact information
Shafaat Ullah: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
Laiq Khan: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
Irfan Sami: School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
Ghulam Hafeez: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Fahad R. Albogamy: Computer Sciences Program, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 24, 1-23

Abstract: Motivated by the single point of failure and other drawbacks of the conventional centralized hierarchical control strategy, in this paper, a fully distributed hierarchical control framework is formulated for autonomous AC microgrids. The proposed control strategy operates with a distinct three-layer structure, where: a conventional droop control is adopted at the primary layer; a distributed leaderless consensus-based control is adopted at the secondary layer for active power and, hence, frequency regulation of distributed generating units (DGUs); and the tertiary layer is also based on the distributed leaderless consensus-based control for the optimal power dispatch. Under the proposed strategy, the three constituent control layers work in a coordinated manner. Not only is the load dispatched economically with a negligible power mismatch, but also the frequencies of all the DGUs are regulated to the reference value. However, the frequency regulation is achieved without requiring any central leader agent that has been reported in the contemporary distributed control articles. As compared to the conventional centralized hierarchical control, the proposed strategy only needs local inter-agent interaction with a sparse communication network; thus, it is fully distributed. The formulated strategy is tested under load perturbations, on an autonomous AC microgrid testbed comprising both low-inertia-type (inverter-interfaced) and high-inertia (rotating)-type DGUs with heterogeneous dynamics, and found to successfully meet its targets. Furthermore, it can offer the plug-and-play operation for the DGUs. Theoretical analysis and substantial simulation results, performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, are provided to validate the feasibility of the proposed control framework.

Keywords: autonomous; distributed; hierarchical; microgrid; primary; secondary; tertiary; plug-and-play; optimal dispatch; economic load dispatch (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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