Hazards Generated by an LNG Road Tanker Leak: Field Investigation of Vapour Propagation under Class B Conditions of Atmospheric Stability

Tomasz Węsierski, Robert Piec, Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka, Bernard Król, Wiktor Gawroński and Marek Kwiatkowski
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Tomasz Węsierski: Institute of Safety Engineering, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Robert Piec: Institute of Internal Security, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka: Institute of Safety Engineering, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Bernard Król: Institute of Safety Engineering, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Wiktor Gawroński: Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Marek Kwiatkowski: Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 24, 1-20

Abstract: The publication presents the results of a field test of 2–4 min releases of 96% LNG from a road tanker designed to carry the gas. The release was performed at a pressure of 5.9–6.1 atm at a discharge rate of 1.67–1.78 kg/s from a height of 0.75 m under class B conditions of atmospheric stability. Comparison of the obtained experimental results of the maximum concentrations and the simulation carried out with the EFFECS (11.2.0) software showed that the Gaussian gas model better describes the gas cloud propagation at most control points at this release intensity than the dense gas model. The dense gas model gave only slightly better results along the cloud propagation axis at close distances, not exceeding 25/30 m at ground level. It is shown that concentrations between 71% and 110% LEL are observed at the cloud visibility limit. The maximum value of the temperature drop, in the release axis, at a distance of 4 m amounts to ∆T max = 93.3 °C. This indicates that the cloud of the released LNG is almost entirely in the vapour state already in the short distance from the point of release, due to the turbulent outflow of the pressurised gas.

Keywords: LNG hazards; gas cloud dispersion; firefighting hazards; cryogenic hazards (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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